Áridos reciclados disminuirían fuertemente los residuos en construcción

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CONTENIDO RELACIONADO

360 voluntarios del Banco de Chile sacaron 5,4 toneladas de basura de un estero y un humedal de la RM

La Cuadrilla Azul de Banco de Chile, junto a Parley for the Oceans Chile, intervino el Estero Las Compuertas en Colina y el Humedal Urbano Mapocho en Talagante. Este año el foco está en los ríos: gran parte de la basura que llega al mar viaja primero por las cuencas.

Felipe Ossio, Académico de la Escuela de Construcción Civil UC y miembro del Subcomité de Economía Circular del Instituto de la Construcción.

La industria de la construcción es actualmente el mayor consumidor mundial de recursos y materias primas. En la actualidad, la construcción y demolición de edificios representa alrededor de un tercio del consumo mundial de materiales y la generación de residuos. 

En Chile, el 35% de los residuos que se generan anualmente (7,1 millones de toneladas) proceden de las obras de construcción. Esto puede ser contrarrestado implementando estrategias que estén en línea con los principios de la economía circular, motivo por el cual el sector es considerado uno de los sectores claves para una efectiva transición. 

Entre dichas estrategias, la incorporación de materiales con atributos circulares es una estrategia clave a la hora de alcanzar un uso más responsable de los recursos y menor generación de residuos por parte de la construcción. 

En vista de ello, la Hoja de Ruta Residuos de Construcción y Demolición (RCD) y Economía Circular en Construcción 2035, cuyo objetivo es abordar desde el Estado, la reducción de extracción de materias primas y generación de RCD, a partir del uso eficiente de los recursos, y el manejo jerarquizado y ambientalmente racional de los residuos, fomentando la economía circular y la disminución de emisiones del sector construcción (Construye2025, 2020 b), establece como meta al 2025 que al menos el 15% de los materiales y sistemas constructivos cuenten con certificación de atributos circulares, aumentando dicho porcentaje a un 30% al 2035. 

El hormigón con áridos reciclados es una excelente oportunidad para cumplir con dicha meta y disminuir los impactos de la industria de la construcción.

Los áridos corresponden al material pétreo compuesto de partículas duras, de forma y tamaño estables presente en el hormigón y ocupan entre un 65% y 75% del volumen total del hormigón siendo así un elemento fundamental para su elaboración. 

En Chile, se estima que el consumo de áridos anual es superior a los 11 millones de metros cúbicos y su extracción tiene fuertes impactos medio ambientales como son la erosión y la pérdida de suelos naturales.

Los áridos naturales pueden ser sustituidos, en parte, por áridos reciclados procedentes de residuos de construcción y demolición (RCD), lo que conlleva varios impactos positivos. En primer lugar, permitiría disminuir el uso de áridos naturales cuya extracción y procesamiento es intensivo en energía y materiales. En segundo lugar, permitiría valorizar uno de los principales residuos generados por las obras de construcción, el hormigón. En Chile, se estima que se generan 7,1 millones de toneladas de RCD anualmente, de las cuales entre un 60% y 80% corresponden a hormigón.

De este modo, los áridos reciclados nos permitirían disminuir fuertemente la cantidad de residuos que terminan en un sitio de disposición final, y desde el punto de vista de la circularidad, la inclusión de áridos reciclados permitiría aumentar el porcentaje de un 5% a sobre el 60% de materiales con atributos circulares en la vivienda en extensión.

Caso de Éxito

La Dirección de Aeropuertos del Ministerio de Obras Públicas viene disminuyendo, desde 2014, los residuos de la construcción y demolición en los pavimentos aeroportuarios. Ejemplo es el Aeropuerto Diego Aracena de Iquique donde en vez de demoler las losas de hormigón y llevar los escombros a un botadero, se decidió triturar los escombros y reutilizarlos como material de relleno para la confección del terraplén que niveló el terreno ubicado al norte de la pista. Asimismo, en el Aeropuerto Chacalluta de Arica, se reutilizó el fresado (material que antes iba a botadero) en otras áreas del aeropuerto, dándole un nuevo uso, mientras que en el Aeródromo Eulogio Sánchez (Tobalaba) en vez de reemplazar el asfalto y la base antigua, se mezclaron y se le adicionó una emulsión asfáltica para transformarlo en una nueva base, de mejores competencias. 

Este experiencia derivó en una nueva normativa que exige que en el diseño de pavimentos aeroportuarios, se evalúen las alternativas según variables de interés ambiental como son consumo energía, agua, emisión CO2, entre otras, promoviendo el reciclaje de pavimentos y la estabilización del terreno natural.

Asimismo, se elaboró una metodología que explica cómo identificar, clasificar y cuantificar los RCD, siendo el primer paso para optimizar y minimizar su generación, generar una base de datos robusta para que la Dirección de Aeropuertos haga una gestión óptima de los desechos constructivos.

Antonia Carrillo
Antonia Carrillohttps://www.diariosustentable.com/
Antonia Carrillo. Periodista de la universidad Diego Portales. Me gusta andar en bicicleta y hacer yoga. Creo que la sustentabilidad es lo más importante para mejorar el sistema y el planeta. Por eso estudié periodismo: para dedicarme por completo a visibilizar las acciones necesarias para crear un mundo mejor y sustentable. En periodismo encontré la posibilidad de expresarme, de expandir mi visión sobre el tema que más me importa, el medio ambiente.

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top: 4px; left: -1.5rem; display: block; width: 16px; height: 16px; pointer-events: none; content: ""; background-color: #ffffff; border: #adb5bd solid 1px; border-radius: 50%; } #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-embedPermissions .ml-form-embedPermissionsOptionsCheckbox .label-description::after { position: absolute; top: 0px!important; left: -1.5rem; display: block; width: 1rem; height: 1rem; content: ""; } #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-checkboxRow .label-description::after { position: absolute; top: 0px!important; left: -1.5rem; display: block; width: 1rem; height: 1rem; content: ""; } #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .custom-radio .custom-control-label::after { background: no-repeat 50%/50% 50%; } #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .custom-checkbox .custom-control-label::after, #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-embedPermissions .ml-form-embedPermissionsOptionsCheckbox .label-description::after, #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-interestGroupsRow .ml-form-interestGroupsRowCheckbox .label-description::after, #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-checkboxRow .label-description::after { background: no-repeat 50%/50% 50%; } #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-fieldRow .custom-control, #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-horizontalRow .custom-control { position: relative; display: block; min-height: 1.5rem; padding-left: 1.5rem; } #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-fieldRow .custom-radio .custom-control-input, #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-horizontalRow .custom-radio .custom-control-input, #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-fieldRow .custom-checkbox .custom-control-input, #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-horizontalRow .custom-checkbox .custom-control-input { position: absolute; z-index: -1; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0; } #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-fieldRow .custom-radio .custom-control-label, #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-horizontalRow .custom-radio .custom-control-label, #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-fieldRow .custom-checkbox .custom-control-label, #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-horizontalRow .custom-checkbox .custom-control-label { color: #000000; font-size: 12px!important; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: top; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; } #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-fieldRow .custom-select, #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-horizontalRow .custom-select { background-color: #ffffff !important; color: #333333 !important; border-color: #cccccc; border-radius: 4px !important; border-style: solid !important; border-width: 1px !important; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px !important; line-height: 20px !important; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding: 10px 28px 10px 12px !important; width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; max-width: 100% !important; height: auto; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; background: url('https://assets.mlcdn.com/ml/images/default/dropdown.svg') no-repeat right .75rem center/8px 10px; -webkit-appearance: none; -moz-appearance: none; appearance: none; } #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-horizontalRow { height: auto; width: 100%; float: left; } .ml-form-formContent.horozintalForm .ml-form-horizontalRow .ml-input-horizontal { width: 70%; float: left; } .ml-form-formContent.horozintalForm .ml-form-horizontalRow .ml-button-horizontal { width: 30%; float: left; } .ml-form-formContent.horozintalForm .ml-form-horizontalRow .ml-button-horizontal.labelsOn { padding-top: 25px; } .ml-form-formContent.horozintalForm .ml-form-horizontalRow .horizontal-fields { box-sizing: border-box; float: left; padding-right: 10px; } #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-horizontalRow input { background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; border-color: #cccccc; border-radius: 4px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding: 10px 10px; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-y: initial; } #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-horizontalRow button { background-color: #000000 !important; border-color: #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: none; color: #ffffff !important; cursor: pointer; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 700; line-height: 20px; margin: 0 !important; padding: 10px !important; width: 100%; height: auto; } #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-horizontalRow button:hover { background-color: #333333 !important; border-color: #333333 !important; } #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-checkboxRow input[type="checkbox"] { box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0; position: absolute; z-index: -1; opacity: 0; margin-top: 5px; margin-left: -1.5rem; overflow: visible; } #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-checkboxRow .label-description { color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: top; } #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-checkboxRow label { font-weight: normal; margin: 0; padding: 0; position: relative; display: block; min-height: 24px; padding-left: 24px; } #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-checkboxRow label a { color: #000000; text-decoration: underline; } #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-checkboxRow label p { color: #000000 !important; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 12px !important; font-weight: normal !important; line-height: 18px !important; padding: 0 !important; margin: 0 5px 0 0 !important; } #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-checkboxRow label p:last-child { margin: 0; } #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-embedSubmit { margin: 0 0 20px 0; float: left; width: 100%; } #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-embedSubmit button { background-color: #000000 !important; border: none !important; border-radius: 4px !important; box-shadow: none !important; color: #ffffff !important; cursor: pointer; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 700 !important; line-height: 21px !important; height: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; } #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-embedSubmit button.loading { display: none; } #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-embedSubmit button:hover { background-color: #333333 !important; } .ml-subscribe-close { width: 30px; height: 30px; background: url('https://assets.mlcdn.com/ml/images/default/modal_close.png') no-repeat; background-size: 30px; cursor: pointer; margin-top: -10px; margin-right: -10px; position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; } .ml-error input, .ml-error textarea, .ml-error select { border-color: red!important; } .ml-error .custom-checkbox-radio-list { border: 1px solid red !important; border-radius: 4px; padding: 10px; } .ml-error .label-description, .ml-error .label-description p, .ml-error .label-description p a, .ml-error label:first-child { color: #ff0000 !important; } #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-checkboxRow.ml-error .label-description p, #mlb2-12234090.ml-form-embedContainer .ml-form-embedWrapper .ml-form-embedBody .ml-form-checkboxRow.ml-error .label-description p:first-letter { color: #ff0000 !important; } @media only screen and (max-width: 400px){ .ml-form-embedWrapper.embedDefault, .ml-form-embedWrapper.embedPopup { width: 100%!important; } .ml-form-formContent.horozintalForm { float: left!important; } .ml-form-formContent.horozintalForm .ml-form-horizontalRow { height: auto!important; width: 100%!important; float: left!important; } .ml-form-formContent.horozintalForm .ml-form-horizontalRow .ml-input-horizontal { width: 100%!important; } .ml-form-formContent.horozintalForm .ml-form-horizontalRow .ml-input-horizontal > div { padding-right: 0px!important; padding-bottom: 10px; } .ml-form-formContent.horozintalForm .ml-button-horizontal { width: 100%!important; } .ml-form-formContent.horozintalForm .ml-button-horizontal.labelsOn { padding-top: 0px!important; } } function ml_webform_success_12234090() { var $ = ml_jQuery || jQuery; $('.ml-subscribe-form-12234090 .row-success').show(); $('.ml-subscribe-form-12234090 .row-form').hide(); } fetch("https://assets.mailerlite.com/jsonp/756599/forms/112709122495874564/takel")

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